In-class lab worksheet: Incorporating Sources Effectively

Note: Due to formatting issues, the following citations are not double spaced and do not include indentations.

1a. According to constitutional law Professor Heather Gerken of Yale’s Law School, “The fact that so much independent election spending is “dark money” must be laid at the feet of Congress and the Federal Election Commission (FEC), which have failed to enact adequate disclosure regulations” (907).

Gerken, Heather K. “The Real Problem With Citizens United: Campaign Finance, Dark Money, And Shadow Parties.” Marquette Law Review 97.4 (2014): 903-923. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 April 2015.

1b. University of Maryland Professor of Law Deborah Hellman disagrees with the Citizens United ruling by noting, “[S]pending money in connection with elections need not always be considered a part of the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment” (955).

Hellman, Deborah. “Money Talks But It Isn’t Speech.” Minnesota Law Review 95.3 (2011): 953-1002. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 April 2015.

2a. Public finance lawyer Cory Kalanick of the University of Minnesota’s Law School commented on the Supreme Court ruling in Citizens United V. FEC in a 2011 campaign finance reform article. As a contributor to the Minnesota Law Review, Kalanick discussed the repercussions that the ruling would have on campaign finance. In his article, he comments on the surprising source of campaign revenue, “Few casual observers would have ever envisioned that this political sea change would come from seemingly nonpolitical social welfare nonprofits” (2254). Likening the resemblance of “veiled political actors” to “matryoshka dolls,” he quotes Elizabeth Garrett and Daniel Smith of the Midwestern Political Science Association in saying, “each layer is removed only to find another layer obscuring the real source of money” (2255).

Kalanick, Cory G. “Blowing Up The Pipes: The Use Of (C) (4) To Dismantle Campaign Finance Reform.” Minnesota Law Review 95.6 (2011): 2254-2284. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 April 2015.

2b. Deborah Hellman, the Jacob France Research Professor and Professor of Law at the University of Maryland School of Law, analyzes the Citizens United ruling by majority Supreme Court Justices in her article “Money Talks but It Isn’t Speech,” featured in the Minnesota Law Review. In Part I of her argument summary, Hellman acknowledges that “Giving and spending money can also be expressive,” but goes on to note, “not all giving and spending of money should be seen as expressive enough to raise the specter of the First Amendment” (965,966).

Hellman, Deborah. “Money Talks But It Isn't Speech.” Minnesota Law Review 95.3 (2011): 953-1002. Academic Search Premier. Web. 21 April 2015.

3. All citations listed in answers 1 and 2 come from scholarly journal articles.

4. Five peer reviewed articles that relate to my topic:

Chen, Li. "Public Funding After Davis V. FEC: Is Campaign Finance Reform in the States Still Legally Viable?” George Mason University Civil Rights Law Journal 20.2 (2010): 279-314. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 May 2015.

Johnstone, Anthony. "A Madisonian Case For Disclosure." George Mason Law Review 19.2 (2012): 413-469. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 May 2015.

Spencer, Andrew. "Cleaning Elections." Arizona Law Review 54.1 (2012): 277-309. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 May 2015.

Udall, Senator Tom. "Amend The Constitution To Restore Public Trust In The Political System: A Practitioner's Perspective On Campaign Finance Reform." Yale Law & Policy Review 29.1 (2010): 235-252. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 May 2015.

Vogel, Glen M. "Clinton, Campaigns, And Corporate Expenditures: The Supreme Court's Recent Decision In Citizen's United And Its Impact On Corporate Political Influence." St. John's Law Review 86.1 (2012): 183-210. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 May 2015.

5. Five citations for images pertinent to my topic are listed below. I am including the links for personal reference only.

Kroll, Andy. Mother Jones. “No Names, Please: Disclosure of donors to outside-spending groups, 1990-2010.” July 2010. Web. 3 May 2015.

http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2012/06/history-money-american-elections?page=3

Morris, David. Institute for Local Self-Reliance. “Presidential Campaign Costs (In 2011 Dollars).” 29 March 2012. Web. 3 May 2015.

http://ilsr.org/rule/campaign/

Olsen-Phillips, Peter, Russ Choma, Sarah Bryner, Doug Weber. Center For Responsive Politics. “Partisanship of contributions from the 1% of the 1%.” 30 April 2015. Web. 3 May 2015.

http://www.opensecrets.org/news/2015/04/the-political-one-percent-of-the-one-percent-in-2014-mega-donors-fuel-rising-cost-of-elections/

“Total Contribution Receipts for Presidential Candidates.” Project America. Project America. 15 Sept. 2008. Web. 3 May 2015.

http://www.project.org/info.php?recordID=155

Wang, Marian. Propublica. “Breakdown of Independent Expenditures by Spender.” 9 Nov. 2011. Web. 3 May 2015. 

http://www.propublica.org/article/fec-data-show-rise-of-super-pacs-and-outside-spending